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Work on translation of the Bible into the Kazakh language began with the work of Charles Fraser of the Scottish Missionary Society. Fraser's translation of Matthew was published in 1818 (this was based on H. Brunton's Karass translation, and modified for Kazakh), and the New Testament in 1820 by the Russian Bible Society. J. M. E. Gottwald, a professor at Kazan University, revised it, and this was published in 1880 by the British and Foreign Bible Society in Kazan, and it was republished in 1887, and 1910. George W. Hunter, of the China Inland Mission in Ürümqi, considered this translation to be "a good translation, into Astrahan-Turki",〔G. W. Hunter, ''Examples of Various Turki Dialects''. Tihwafu, Sinkiang, China: China Inland Mission, 1918〕 he does not seem to have considered it to be Kazakh. Darlow and Moule say that it was intended for Kyrgyz in the neighbourhood of Orenburg, and the language was sometimes called "Orenburg Tatar".〔T. H. Darlow & Horace Frederick Moule, ''Historical Catalogue of the Printed Editions of Holy Scripture in the Library of the British and Foreign Bible Society''.〕 According to Rev. W. Nicholson of the Royal Asiatic Society in St Petersburg this translation was intended for "The Kirghese hordes—Great, Little, and Middle, as they are called—() occupy various regions in Southern Siberia, Central Asia, and west of the Caspian Sea."〔''Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland; Volume 18, 1886, p. 156〕 George A. King says Fraser's translation was into the language of the "Western Kirghiz or Kirghiz-Kazak, though they disown the name Kirghiz".〔George A. King ''In Our Tongues''; p. 81〕 Macarius II, the Bishop of Tomsk, translated Mark, published by the British and Foreign Bible Society in Tomsk in 1894.〔George A. King ''In Our Tongues''; p. 224〕 All four Gospels in one volume were published in Kazan by Pravoslavnoe Missionerskoe Obshchestvo in 1901. This may be related to the edition of Mark previously published in Kazan, or could be the same as I. Katerinksi's translation, listed in ''Book of a Thousand Tongues'' as Kirghiz. Mildred Cable's biography of George Hunter just says "a Qazaq speaking Russian". This version is printed in a Cyrillic script, slightly different from what Qazaqs use today; this script has a lot of Russian/Greek words in it, and uses Russian/Greek names, instead of Qazaq/Islamic ones. The 1901 work was republished in 1972 by the Institute for Bible Translation in Stockholm, Sweden. George W. Hunter of the China Inland Mission was aware of the Kazan 1901 translation, and after much prayer that he would be able to get a copy of it, a man approached him in the bazaar offering to exchange it (a book he could not read) for one that he could.〔Mildred Cable, ''George Hunter: Apostle of Turkestan''〕 From Cable's book it would seem that Hunter's translations are just a transliteration of the Kazan version. However, there are many differences, he may have only done a lot of revisions on them, or he may have just used them as a reference for his own work. Hunter's work has a more Qazaq feel about it; it gets rid of all the Russian/Greek names in favour of Qazaq/Muslim ones among other things. Besides the gospels, Hunter also translated, Acts and Genesis, these had never before been translated into Qazaq. Hunter had the help of a Mullah, and may have also had the help of Percy Mather. When ''Examples of Various Turki Dialects'' was written in 1918, Abdul Kader was the Mullah who was helping the compilers. He may be the same as the person who helped with the translation and writing used in Hunter's gospels. ==Publication== Acts, Mark, and a tentative edition of Matthew was published by the British and Foreign Bible Society/China Inland Mission in "Tihwafu" (Ürümqi) in 1917. A 2nd edition, (new ed. of the 1917 translation by G. W. Hunter) of Mark was published in Shanghai in 1918. A 2nd edition (new ed. of the 1917 translation by G. W. Hunter) of Acts was published by the British and Foreign Bible Society in Shanghai in 1919. All four Gospels where published again by the British and Foreign Bible Society in Shanghai in 1927, and again in 1928. The Shanghai BFBS also published Genesis in 1931. There may have also been other parts of the Bible translated by G.W. Hunter, but they are lost, as is records of them. A modern translation of the entire Kazak bible was published by Yeni Yaşam Yayınları in 2010 in Istanbul. In 2011, Jehovah's Witnesses published ''Мәсіхшілердің грек жазбалары. Жаңа дүние аудармасы'' (''New World Translation of the Christian Greek Scriptures'') in Kazakh;〔http://www.jw.org/en/publications/bible/?contentLanguageFilter=kk_cyrl〕 the complete ''New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures'' in Kazakh was released in September 2014. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Bible translations into Kazakh」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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